References
Academic & Policy Sources
City of Memphis Office of Planning and Development. (2023). Comprehensive Plan Update: Land Use and
Food Systems. Memphis, TN: City of Memphis Planning Department.
Lambert-Pennington, K., & Hicks, K. (2016). Building the social economy for food security: Neighborhood revitalization through community-based food initiatives in Memphis, TN. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 6(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2016.062.010 Memphis-Shelby County Health Department. (2024). Community Health Assessment: Food and Nutrition Indicators. Memphis, TN.
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2023). Food Access Research Atlas. Economic Research Service. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2024). Community Food Projects Competitive Grant Program (CFPCGP) Guidelines. Washington, D.C.: USDA NIFA.
Community & Organizational Sources
Black Seeds Urban Farm, G.A.M.E Changers, & Time Is Now Douglass. (2025). North Memphis Food Power
Plan Field Data and Community Surveys (2024–2025). Internal report.
Research 4 Action, Rhodes College. (2025). North Memphis Food Power Plan Data Summary. Memphis, TN.
Resident Interviews. (2025). Community oral histories and focus group transcripts from Douglass,
Klondike, Hyde Park, and Smokey City. North Memphis Food Power Plan archives.
Historical & Cultural References
Hamer, F. L. (1969). Quoted in Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965 (PBS Documentary).
Pyles, C. (2020). Freedom Farms: Fannie Lou Hamer’s fight for food justice and land. Southern Foodways Alliance Oral History Series.
Ward, J. (2022). Memphis Black Agrarian Histories: Food, Land, and Resistance in the South. University of Tennessee Press.
Digital & Media Sources
Lambert, E. (2024, March 4). Mapping community gardens in North Memphis. Memphis Flyer. https://www.memphisflyer.com
Rhodes College Research 4 Action. (2025). North Memphis Food Power Plan – Public Data Portal. https://research4action.rhodes.edu
U.S. Census Bureau. (2023). American Community Survey: North Memphis Tract Data (2019–2023). Washington, D.C.
Acknowledgment
This report was produced with support from North Memphis residents, community organizations, and research partners.
Quotes and stories are used with consent and documented through participatory research between February and August 2025.
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